The United States' artificial intelligence (AI) policy is closely related to the economic and military goals of each administration. Expanding investment in AI research and development (R&D) based on market and technological superiority has been a strategic goal for the U.S. to solidify its status as an AI powerhouse and maintain a leading position in global competition.

Obama Administration: Emphasis on Social Utilization of AI

The Obama administration established an AI R&D strategy, clearly supporting the advancement of AI technology at the federal level. In particular, it emphasized support for areas that private companies find difficult to address, such as public health and security, expressing great expectations for the social utilization of AI. This can be seen as a goal to meet both technological advancement and social needs.

Trump Administration: Strengthening AI Investment and Strategic Importance

President Trump emphasized the importance of investment in advanced industries, including AI. He recognized the economic and security strategic importance of AI and demanded that government agencies prioritize AI in their R&D investments. In particular, the Trump administration mentioned that while increasing investment in AI research provided the U.S. with many advantages as an early AI leader, it must maintain leadership in the rapidly changing AI innovation environment.

Biden Administration: Maintaining AI Competitiveness and Responsible Development

The Biden administration shifted its policy to respond to China's strengthening AI technological competitiveness and the negative impacts of AI on society. The rapid spread of generative AI services like 'ChatGPT' in November 2022 raised concerns about negative impacts such as misinformation, leading to an emphasis on maintaining U.S. AI competitiveness alongside responsible AI development. Concerns also grew about the possibility of China establishing itself as a global leader in the AI field.

In October 2023, President Biden signed the 'Executive Order 14110 on Safe and Trustworthy AI Development and Use,' establishing regulations requiring AI development companies to undergo safety inspections by government verification expert teams and submit results. It also included measures to regulate the illegal use of personal data during AI development and training processes.

Trump's Promises and Future Directions of AI Policy

Trump pledged during his 2024 campaign to repeal the Biden administration's AI executive order, emphasizing the minimization of public oversight and the promotion of AI innovation. The AI policy of Trump 2.0 is expected to focus on alleviating the regulatory excesses of the Biden administration and responding to China in emerging technology sectors. Consequently, the linkage of AI and energy policies, as well as responses to "Woke AI," are likely to become major issues.